[root@localhost ~]# ls –help
Usage: ls [OPTION]… [FILE]…
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor –sort.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, –all do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, –almost-all do not list implied . and ..
–author with -l, print the author of each file
-b, –escape print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
–block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-B, –ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with -l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
-C list entries by columns
–color[=WHEN] control whether color is used to distinguish file
types. WHEN may be `never’, `always’, or `auto’
-d, –directory list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
-D, –dired generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst
-F, –classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
–file-type likewise, except do not append `*’
–format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
–full-time like -l –time-style=full-iso
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-G, –no-group like -l, but do not list group
-h, –human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
–si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, –dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
–dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
–hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
–indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (–file-type), classify (-F)
-i, –inode with -l, print the index number of each file
-I, –ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like –block-size=1K
-l use a long listing format
-L, –dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, –numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, –literal print raw entry names (don’t treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, –indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-q, –hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
–show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls’ and output is a terminal)
-Q, –quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
–quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-r, –reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, –recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, –size with -l, print size of each file, in blocks
-S sort by file size
–sort=WORD extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t,
version -v, status -c, time -t, atime -u,
access -u, use -u
–time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use
specified time as sort key if –sort=time
–time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date’; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-‘, STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
-t sort by modification time
-T, –tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
with -l: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order.
In combination with one_per_line format `-1’,
it will show files immediately and it has no
memory limitations.
-v sort by version
-w, –width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-1 list one file per line
SELinux options:
–lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines
will probably be too wide for most displays.
-Z, –context Display security context so it fits on most
displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
security context and file name.
–scontext Display only security context and file name.
–help display this help and exit
–version output version information and exit
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is
equivalent to using –color=none. Using the –color option without the
optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using –color=always. With
–color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected
to a terminal (tty). The environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the
colors, and can be set easily by the dircolors command.
Exit status is 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems, 2 if serious trouble.
Report bugs to <[email protected]>.
[root@localhost ~]#